The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism Essay

The Concept of Failed State, New War and New Terrorism - Essay Example Country states exist to convey political products security, instruction, wellbeing administrations, financial chance, natural observation, a legitimate structure of request and a legal framework to manage it, and key infrastructural necessities, for example, streets and interchanges offices to their residents. Bombed states respect these commitments in the break. They progressively relinquish their capacity as suppliers of political products to warlords and other non-state on-screen characters. As it were, a bombed state is not, at this point capable or ready to play out the activity of a country state in the cutting edge world.( ) This implies a bombed state is portrayed by specific markers like non-existent wellbeing and security for residents, disintegrating human services, training, framework, and economy. This kind of circumstance can offer ascent to rising disorder where : Bombed states can be seen as an issue of developing political agitation where sorted out gatherings that need a considerable lot of the qualities of statehood must focus on the essential issue of their own security. In a condition of rising rebellion, or at whatever point the inner perceived leverage shifts, inquiries of control become pre-famous. This key condition can make antagonistic gatherings dread elimination and respect crowd brutality. In a bombed state where the absence of a focal organization to give lawfulness offers ascend to warring groups battling to fill the force vacuum, state disappointment is engaged with an endless loop with the results of new war. The expression new war took on another significance after the occasions of September 11, however indeed, the term had just been begat during the 1990s by Mary Kaldor, who proceeded to clarify her hypothesis in magazines like The country in November 2001: These new wars must be comprehended with regards to globalization. They include transnational systems, in view of political cases for the sake of religion or ethnicity, through which thoughts, cash, arms, and soldiers of fortune are organized.....In the new wars, the objective isn't military triumph; it is political preparation. Though in antiquated wars, individuals were prepared to partake in the war exertion, in the new wars, assembling individuals is the point of the war exertion, to extend the systems of radicalism. In the new wars, fights are uncommon and brutality is coordinated against regular folks. The system is to increase political force through planting trepidation and contempt, to make an atmosphere of fear, to wipe out moderate voices and to overcome resilience. Also, the objective is to acquire monetary force too.

The Period Of Chattel Slavery In The Caribbean History Essay

The Period Of Chattel Slavery In The Caribbean History Essay The Caribbean during the eighteenth century was ordered mostly as a farming based area with various manors. These ranch fundamental yields were sugar, an item profoundly requested in Europe procuring high benefits for estate proprietors. Be that as it may, to make such immense amounts of sugar required human work, bringing about the advancement of the asset bondage framework. This bondage framework involved fundamentally of Africans whose qualities were reasonable for the tropical atmospheres. Subjugation was an autocracy framework where the enslavers had total force, similar to a manikin ace pulling all the strings, consequently, rendering the oppressed weak, in any case, the subjugated responded pursuing an extended war cutting the strings of the enslavers in a battle for their opportunity. Asset servitude alludes to An arrangement of subjection whereby an individual and their offsprings are perceived by the law just like the property of someone else for life1. Oppressed could be purchased, sold and marked similarly as a household item, and these brutal conditions rankled the subjugated bringing about obstruction. This is additionally bolstered by Hilary Beckles et al who specified This record of obstruction outlines that there was not really an age of oppressed guys or females in the Caribbean who didn't take their abolitionist servitude activities. Ensnarement, is against human instinct, and in this way, subjugated opposed from the beginning in a long or extended war. Many slave revolts and plots in these regions somewhere in the range of 1638 and 1838 could be imagined as 200 years war one extended battle propelled by Africans and their Afro-West Indian offspring against slave proprietors expressed Hilary Beckles. The Enslaved worked under cruel conditions from sun u p to sun down, with little rest and introduction to sicknesses, under severe control from manager who requested efficiency. The universe of the subjugated accordingly, was a steady fight between persecution of ace control and the craving for opportunity. Slave society alludes to the entire network dependent on subjection, including experts and freedmen just as slaves specified Brian L. Moore. The Societal structure was a chain of importance, white experts at the top socially and strategically, the hued in the center and the subjugated framing the establishment at the base. Around 1832 there were roughly 50,000 whites and 100 000 freedmen in the British Caribbean yet just 32 000 slave proprietors recommended B.W Higman. Freedmen possessed slaves; be that as it may, it was in no high focus when contrasted with the whites. In spite of the fact that, speaking to the minority whites control the legislative issues and most of riches keeping up outright influence. The whites were exceptionally taught when contrasted with the freedmen who had fundamental instruction, leaving larger part of the slaves uneducated. This is bolstered by B.W Higman, who noticed this solid complexity reflected contrasts in the instruction of free guys and females, yet its additionally shown contrasts in riches. Whites were the maters working the manors, while freedmen were either liberated shaded or liberated blacks who earned their opportunity and attempted to imagine their own character. These joined highlights and qualities of each class made a course of action of different practices and conduct that represented the properties of a slave society. For any general public to work enough there must be arrangement of control and the slave society was no exception. Christopher Humber et al expressed System of slave control encapsulated physical, social, mental, financial and legitimate elements. The oppressed were prudent abused by enslavers, as they had to work in ranch through physical savagery denying them individual flexibility. The whip was an improvement to work and a steady type of discipline and because of a paranoid fear of the several lashes kept in line and did fundamentally as they were told 2. Slaves lived on the ranch in little soil cabins, and enslavers situated their manors at the top directing their subjugated network and society works on, accentuating oppressed social inadequacy. Food and garments were constrained by the enslavers, as they chose what and when oppressed ought to eat and furthermore how they should dress. Slaves were not permitted to be taught; numbness was an incredible methods for control3. Denyin g essential social capacity, for example, training implied oppressed inadequacy. The Enslaved religions rehearses, for example, their drumming, music and move were not permitted and even deserving of death. The enslavers religions were constrained upon them as a type of control, and Christopher Humber et al noted Enslaved were just permitted to sit at the rear of the Anglican/Catholic places of worship. The oppressed were viewed as second rate compared to the whites and the whites contended that Africans were uncouth and savage. Enslavers attempted to abuse and smash the spirits of the subjugated through mental thoughts of race and shading. Monetary structure of society regarding property, profit (Money) and time were control purchase the enslavers. Slaves couldn't lawfully groups property or legitimately make contracts, couldn't be paid for nay work that they did, couldn't claim creatures and couldn't possess land4. These financial and lawful limitations disabled the oppressed oppo rtunity of developments. The distinctive control frameworks executed authorized oppression and capture, be that as it may, the subjugated obstruction kept on accentuating the general public. The time of subjugation was described basically by one extended war propelled by those oppressed against their enslavers, proposed Hilary Beckles. From the initiation of subjection, the oppressed pressed together their opportunity through various types of obstruction and these opposition exercises were outlined in the Caribbean. Subjugated opposition involved everyday obstruction, plots and revolts and resistance including marronage. Sheperd V. noticed The few phases in the improvement of Caribbean abolitionist subjection exercises in the period up to 1834: 1500-1750, 1750-1807, and 1807 up toe end of subjugation. During the period 1500-1750, the general public was predominantly subjugated Africans and manor development was currently creating. The fundamental type of opposition utilized during this period was marronage, which Barbara Lalla specified as The procedure of trip by slaves from bondage to set up their own authorities or wild regions. Maroons, otherwise called, Runaways had the option to build up little networks making freedom from the manor social, monetarily, and legitimately. In any case, for fruitful maroon advancements the island must be rocky, Sheperd V. noted Forested and rugged insides of provinces like Jamaica, Dominica and Guyana encouraged the upkeep of out of control slaves. In an island like Barbados, marronage had restricted accomplishment because of the swamp. Maroons created structure, regarding cultivating for food and in circumstances earned cash by selling produce, people had the option to rehearse their own religion openly without feeling substandard, Possibilities of responsibility for and in particular they had opportunity of decision. Maroons had the option to define systems of fruitful revolts and assaults on estates, under the confident authority, for example, Price, lead to game plans between the Europeans. As indicated by Hilary Beckles What is clear is that maroon exercises which were endemic over the whole time frame extra ordinarily subverted the colonizing endeavors of the Europeans and the monetary existence of the estates. The sugar surge crested during 1750-1807 making a develop estate society, expanding a few parts of Creole decent variety and Sheperd V. expressed during this period opposition accepted various structures, for example, everyday acts and exchange for rights and furthermore marronage expanding. Christopher Humber noted everyday opposition as the unobtrusive techniques utilized by the captives to communicate dismissal of subjection and further bolstered by Hilary Beckles, who noted everyday obstruction were commonly planned not to topple the slave framework, yet sabotage its productivity. An essential piece of everyday opposition was oppressed ladies and the specific methodologies they utilized. Field womens adaption of the technique of work pull back, deciphered as apathy by drivers and supervisors, was viewed as a widespread issue recommended Hilary Beckles. Low level or efficiency was not endured, and the malingering disposition adjusted by ladies was an extraordinary debilitation to the sugar business. This was especially successful at gathering time when a couple of hours delayed could improve things greatly in the degree of benefits acknowledged expressed Christopher W. Humber. Ladies additionally opposed through youngsters, in light of the fact that the introduction of subjugated kids implied that the kid was naturally brought into the world a slave. Enslavers needed to utilize contraception as a methods for keeping up an oppressed work power, in any case, subjugated ladies submitted child murder as Hilary Beckles noted demonstrations of child murder are much of the time refered to on estates. Acts, for example, hurting livestock, making them unfit to turn the plant were additionally done by oppressed ladies. The varieties of obstruction during this period concentrated on consummation subjection by making the manor framework unrewarding as Hilary Beckles noticed These demonstrations of opposition were viewed as viable systems and sabotaged significantly the productivity of the estate. The period 1807-1834 denoted the consummation of bondage, with first the cancelation of the slave exchange 1807 and the persistent opposition from the remaining oppressed on the ranches. Hilary Beckles further noted 1807-1834 was set apart by developing dissent among the oppressed, especially among creoles, connected likewise to the effect of developing abolitionist bondage conversations in the metro post. Creoles additionally called nation borns unquestionable played a part in the defeating of subjection and bringing liberation. Creoles opposed strategically, looking to win rights for the oppressed through campaigning in the parliament and prompting the proceeding with vile practices t

Constantine 01x10 Quid Pro Quo

Constantine 01x10 Quid Pro Quo This is John Constantine. Leave your name and soul, and I’ll get back to you.   My dear Mr. Constantine my name is Lechter. Doctor Hannibal Lechter. Ive noticed that over the course of the past few episodes, youve copied my wardrobe and titled an episode over a rather particular phrase which I brought to popularity in the early 1990s. Now, I should be angry, Mister Constantine, but I assure you I am not. Id simply like to invite you to dinner tomorrow night, so I can pick your brains on the matter Dave: We begin with the simplest of simple cold opens. New York City at night. A robed, hooded man on a rooftop chanting in Latin. He summons a black smoke that drifts down the chimney and into a girl’s room, where she’s playing with her dolls. Jay: A room full or children’s dolls can be pretty creepy….but we get a big CGI thing instead. Dave: Yup, the CGI smoke surrounds her. The doll she was holding drops to the ground. Roll Credits. Back at the bunker, Constantine is renewing the protections after the Resurrection Crusade made their attempt to nab Zed. Jay: We get a little back story for Zed. I wonder, will we see this story play out in the next few episodes, or where they saving it for the episodes that didn’t get picked up? Dave: Good question â€" it does feel like there’s too much story there for the last few episodes of the season. I do like that John pushes her here â€" it’s getting more urgent, as it should. I also like the bit where Zed asks John why he’s helping her, and he says he “survives on instinct.” That feels like a good answer for John. I think an outsider might point to John’s anti-authoritarian streak, his need to take the bullies of the world, but I’m not convinced that John would be aware enough of that trait to make that his answer. I like the idea that, in his mind, he just goes with his gut. Oh… the map is back. Plot Alert! Magic is heating up in New York, and coincidentally Chas is already on his way to Brooklyn because it’s his weekend with his daughter! Will we finally dive into the enigma that is CHAS? Jay: HI CHAS! We’re getting some of the back story you’ve been looking for. Every time I hear (Don’t Fear) The Reaper I think of Orange Is The New Black. Dave: Right? It’s a little on the nose for the guy whose role on the show is to die over and over. That said, I suddenly have this funny idea that it’s not actually a coincidence on the radio, but rather a special MP3 mix that Chas makes when he goes on road trips. He calls it his “Its a Dead Mans Party Mix.” Jay: Music to not knock ‘em dead. Dave:  So, the drive turns into a flashback, as you noted, and we go back in time to a bar where John is leaving with a girl. We don’t know if this is before or after Newcastle… Jay: I like drunken John’s designated-driver spell. Dave: What I really dig is that we don’t have any sound effects or special music to let us know that this is a REAL spell. This is what it looks like if you’re hanging out with a guy who says he does magic, and you kinda don’t really believe him. Jay: Hey, a metal gig that leads to demonic goings on. Say, don’t I know someone who has written a comic very much like that….. Dave: Heh, ahem… yeah, well, I’m still waiting on that one to be drawn, but, anyway… yeah, we have a metal band, and some out of control pyrotechnics that turn into a fire. Chas stays inside and tries to help everyone.   Is Chas already resurrectable? We’re not sure at this point, but back in the present… Jay: Wow, this show is going artifact crazy. Dave: uh, yeah, is that Aleister Crowley’s… shaving kit? OCCULT ARTIFACT #1 … and a bracelet made from the actual sinew of Achilles’ heel… OCCULT ARTIFACT #2 Which John packs into his kit. So we’re all prepared, as we cut to Chas, who has arrived in Brooklyn to see his daughter. Only it’s too late â€" she’s in a coma (she, of course, was the girl from the cold open). John and Zed arrive at the hospital soon after, and John uses Occult Artifact #1 to learn that there are “celestial burn marks,” which is what happens when the soul is sucked out of your body. Jay: How do you separate a soul from the body? Personally, I’ve always found that money helps. Dave: He’ll be here all week, folks. But, as we’re told, the soul being separated from the body is not possible. It’s the Holy Grail ofâ€" Jay: I cringe a little when characters say “black magic,” that just feels corny to me. Dave: It almost has to be done tongue-in-cheek at this point. Anyway, from here we go into another flashback: Chas wakes up in the hospital after the bar fire, his wife and daughter at his side. Jay: “They told us you were dead when they pulled you out of that fire…” aha. Here we go. Dave: Yeah â€" seems pretty clear that this is his first brush with resurrection. Back in the present, John takes Zed and Chas to a medium he knows to see if they can contact Chas’ daughter’s (Geraldines) spirit, and thus use her as a homing device. Jay: I do like that John has to go to a medium, that he’s not simply the expert in whatever the plot needs,  which is a trap this kind of show would often fall into. Kind of reminds me of a difference between Raiders Of The Lost Ark and the other Jones films; In Raiders, he’s not the best at everything. He’s bad at other languages and he makes mistakes. But in the other films, comics and books he’s always the expert on whatever is needed. This random tangent has been brought to you by: Jay’s Obsessive Brain. Dave: It’s a good point, though. One of the easiest things to do with magic is to always have the mage know just the right thing. On another note: I also like that Chas has much more at stake in this episode. It changes the dynamic. Usually, he’s just following John around, which has resulted in him feeling tangential to the stories â€" popping in just to die or do a thing. Now, we know where he’s coming from, and so that moment when he snatches the gun from the medium and turns it on him? Excellent. You wouldnt like him when hes angry The medium starts a séance using water from the River Jordan… OCCULT ARTIFACT #3 … I suppose… But the séance doesn’t go well. A powerful entity reaches through the medium, someone who KNOWS Constantine, and then he burns the medium to well done. (Sorry.) Jay: I liked that the medium gets toasted. The episode has felt a little….subdued so far, and this moment kicked it up a little. The show is sticking to the idea of consequences and permanent costs. A spell has gone wrong here and someone dies. I told you to keep holding hands no matter WHAT happens. See what youve done? Dave: Exactly. But this isn’t quite a dead end. Zed uses her psychic abilities to connect to an abandon rail yard. The gang heads to the train yard, only to find an empty lot. Or is it? John frisbees a hubcap at the space, and… whammo, cloaking spell! Jay: I liked the idea of the hidden building, but not the reveal. I think -and you’ve said this before- that the CGI is a problem. It always feels like a different show when they use it. I would rather the reveal was done on a cut, or a camera tilt, maybe with some sly joke from John about David Copperfield and the Statue Of Liberty. But having the cgi ripple across the screen just tops the show from feeling spooky or down to earth. Dave: Yeah, it suddenly feels a bit more Star Trek. I much prefer the subtle stuff like the tree of fruit with human skin from a couple episodes back. Jay: Totally agree. The show loses something when it strays away from spooky and practical. But hey, we get Felix Faust! Is it weird that we kind of want him to be ringing a little bell? Dave: Indeed, the big bad of the episode is revealed to be longtime DC magical villain, Felix Faust… cast here as an old man who, in John’s words, has always been the apprentice or second fiddle  to the magical greats. Only now the Rising Darkness has changed things. Faust has figured out how to separate soul from body, and he’s very powerful now. John strikes a bargain â€" he’ll stop a minor demon from lunching on Faust’s stolen souls, if Faust will return Geraldine’s soul. It’s a horrible bargain, but… it’ll buy them time, How much? Oh, at least another flashback’s worth, as John sends Chas back to the hospital because he needs clear heads to do what’s next. Jay: Here we go then. John’s drunken protection spell has given Chas the lives of all the people who were in the fire. So he can die 47 times. I like that, firstly that this big mystery is the result of a drunken spell, and also that it has rules, that it makes a kind of sense, and puts a limit on the plot device. Dave: I also like the Arthurian origins of the spell. It kind of sets up Chas as this gallant knight. He’s been empowered, but there’s a kind of responsibility â€" to make these others’ lives count. Jay: Good point. I like that, it gives him a mission In a very compelling way. Dave: Meanwhile, in the present, John and Zed set a trap for the demon, which is a kind of hellhound-y thing, which John can see usingâ€" OCCULT ARTIFACT #4 â€" Ahem, well, yes, this thing that looks like a piece of bone with a hole in it, that he can use as some kind of mystical X-Ray monocle. No, seriously, you can see their knickers with this! Of course, the trap doesn’t exactly work, but luckily John had stolen a cattle prod from the Army surplus store earlier in the episode, which does the trick. They go back to Faust, who claims they did it wrong, and he tries to make another deal. Chas has other ideas. Like punching out John and taking matters into his own hands. Jay: I like desperate Chas. Dave: Me too. He has a clear point of view in this episode. It may be an obvious thing, as his daughter’s life hangs in the balance, but… I’m glad they’ve given us something. There’s also a flashback mixed in with this bit where we see the cost of working with John Constantine. This is after he’s become the Resurrection Man (ooh, that’s another DC hero, wonder if they can work him into this show?), and it’s sort of become his job to use his extra lives to help John. I like that his wife knows about this, so we get this weird bit of home life where Chas comes home with stories like, “Ah, sorry I’m late, honey… off slaying the Monkey King with John. (I kind of want a laugh track here.) So anyway â€" Chas plays out his final gambit, which involves handcuffing himself to Faust with the Achilles Tendon bracelet thing, and dropping a grenade on the two of them. Chas loses one life, but presumably Faust is gone. Jay: “Happy to do it your way, mate.” I like that, for this scene, Chas is the cleverest person in the room. He outsmarts john -which takes some doing- and also Felix. Dave: I like John trying to console Chas’ ex-wife. “Chas’ line of work is messy.” That leads up to a final flashback, in which we see a scene where Chas had WANTED to reverse the spell that John cast on him. And John’s been trying. But he can’t. So, while he can’t undo what he’s done, he can give Chas a new role. Jay: Wait…wait….I just realized. Chas’s family lives in New York. He has facial hair. That hat that he wears…..he’s not playing some rustic hillbilly….holy crap…he’s a HIPSTER. It’s HIPSTER CHAS. Dave: Oh my god. You  could be right! Is he maybe one of these Lumbersexuals I’ve been hearing about? He’d definitely be at home here in Portland. Could this be whats at the heart of Angry Chas? A Hipster? Jay: I hope we see him on a fixed-gear bike soon. I like that he has a photo album of the people who died in the fire, that he knows about their lives. Again with the idea of costs. Dave: It’s an interesting twist, now that they’ve revealed it. He sort of has to honor the lives and memories of these various souls. And the fact that he’s sharing this with his daughter is a nice touch. Finally, we have a scene with John and Zed in the hospital, Zed having collapsed after trying to psychically reach out to Geraldine during the climax of the episode. Zed has a message from John’s mother â€" her death is not his fault. I’ll admit it; I cringe a little when they bring up John’s mother… only because I worry a bit at how that kind of stuff will be handled. Jay: Yeah, I’d be happy for them to completely forget that plotline. Dave: There’s a tendency there to make everything sort of pre-determined, an Evil at the heart of things that has been setting John on his course his whole life, as opposed to John just mucking about with dark forces on his own and having to pay the costs of that. But we’ll see. This is the first mention of John’s mother since the pilot, if I’m not mistaken. Jay: This episode was solid, but after a run of very good installments, it didn’t really match them. It felt very much like a mid-season episode, expect with the truncated first year, and the rating struggle, it comes at a time when we need to keep up the pace. Still, I’m maybe being overly harsh. There was a lot to like. A lot of neat ideas. Dave:  I agree. Not as strong as the last few, but I do think that we got what we needed with Chas, and I’m hoping that moving forward, all three of our main characters can bounce off of one another more and keep the momentum building. ESSAY QUESTION! Its time for the Great Chas Debate! Hipster or Hillbilly? What is Chas? State your case in the comments below! EXTRA CREDIT: Include 2 or 3 songs that are on Chas Its a Dead Mans Party Mix playlist that support your case. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Business to Consumer Model a Positive Impact of Online...

BUSINESS TO CONSUMER MODEL: A POSITIVE IMPACT OF ONLINE BUSINESS ON THE MARKETING AND OPERATION OF SALES IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY. RESEARCH PAPER BY TEMITOPE SHAKIRAT ODULAJA ISAS 610 SESSION 9043 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.†¦show more content†¦The Online business can be classified into three categories; selling goods; providing services and distributing content. The category of selling goods is the evolution of the mail order business. Category â€Å"consists of ticket purchases and hotel reservation while category 3 involves the distribution of video and music content. Selling clothing online is a category 1 business. (Kobayashi, M. 2007).Clothing industry became the second largest online product category. The internet’s impact on the fashion industry is revolutionary; the internet has changed the fashion business 3 structure from its very roots through online sales. Online clothing retailers in the USA and Europe (e.g. J.C Penney and Next) have increased profitability by giving consumers access to interactive try-on sessions such as â€Å"the virtual dressing room†, â⠂¬Å"digital supply chain† and â€Å"online fit prediction†.(Abend, 2001;Direct marketing, 2001).The recent transition of clothing manufacturers into direct web selling, as well as the continuing incursion of traditional retailers into the online channel, has fuelled the clothing industry growth. With increasing online clothing retailing, researchers have studied important attributes towards online shopping. For clothing products, researcher (Kumz.1997) reported that onlineShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy Athletics Supreme Case Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing Strategy Athletics Supreme Teresa A. 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Cultures around the world are constantly influencing each other; hence, the world’s cultures are changing fashion constantly. Also, social, economic, political and legal factors keep changing than before. 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In many societies and cultures murder is listed among the...

In many societies and cultures murder is listed among the most serious crimes. For this reason, individuals, provided they are not mentally disturbed, are believed to have some kind of motivation when they decide to take other people’s lives. Very often those motivations include the desire to prove one’s importance or beliefs. In this view Misfit, the character of Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find†, is the example of the murderer who sees himself as a wronged man. Even thought little information about the criminal’s past is given in the story, it can be inferred that Misfit’s motivation to kill is his wish to prove his point to society, try to find his place in life and answer the questions religion poses. On†¦show more content†¦In this view, the victims would just make a transition to eternity, they would not be deprived of their precious lives. If Misfit admitted that raising the dead never occurred, it would mean that human life is meaningless and unimportant, so the motivation for the murders would be the pleasure they give him. In a way, the main motivation to commit murders is Misfit’s attempt to define himself in the world. The desire to prove one’s significance and importance becomes the motivation of the executioners, namely Jeremiah Donovan, in Guest of the Nation. From the beginning of the short story Donovan sees his role with the prisoners as a position of authority; he â€Å"supervises† and â€Å"watches† their games, â€Å"shouts† when he gets excited (O’Connor 52). On other occasions Donovan is hardly looked at, he is slow, clumsy and insignificant, both his fellows and captive soldiers make fun of his accent. But as soon as the idea of murder enters his mind, Donovan begins to undergo a change. Donovan no longer just mumbles, but starts speaking in a tone of authority as the narrator accounts he â€Å"didn’t like the tone he (Donovan) took with me† (O’Connor 54). Donovan lets himself believe that the motivation for execution is his duty, he has no choice but shoot the prisoners as a reprisal. The narrator is slightly skeptical of such mot ivation even though he shares it as he points out: â€Å"(Donovan) begins on the usual rigmarole aboutShow MoreRelatedMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1216 Words   |  5 PagesOverall, motivation is, â€Å"the general desire or willingness of someone to do something† (Oxford Dictionaries). For me, motivation plays a significant role in accomplishing goals, working harder, and being successful. Internal and external forces also have a powerful impact on my motivation. I discovered that my motivation stems from both internal and external forces equally. However, sometimes motivation is lacking when doing something unpleasant or undesirable, such as writing an essay. ThankfullyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1341 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation Motivation is, according to the text, â€Å"A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity and persistence.† (Colquitt) When one hears the word â€Å"motivation†, one automatically thinks of an individual’s reasoning behind a certain task or performance. In terms of job motivation, it is what pushes or encourages a person to not only perform the work tasks, but to also be successful in the positionRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pages4) Motivation Motivation is an important concept in modern psychology. It is not possible to understand, explain or predict human behavior without some knowledge of motivation. Motivation is the effective methods that relate to an individual s intensity, route and determination of effort towards the achievement of goals. Motivation is the process of producing and maintaining goal-directed behavior. Motivation is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs leads to drivesRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation1048 Words   |  5 Pages Motivation to work Jesus Guzman Psych 301 One topic of I-O Psychology that I found most interesting is motivation to work. The exploration of what it takes to push someone forward to follow certain company standards or rules and fulfilling a responsibility of behaving a certain way to help it succeed. I specifically want to explore the relationship between rewards and motivation. A few studies caught my attention; one was an exploration of a relationship between money attitudes and Maslow’s hierarchyRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation2425 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Motivation is the number one driving force behind anything and everything an individual does each day. â€Å"Motivation is the desire to do the best possible job or to exert the maximum effort to perform an assigned task. Motivation energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior directed towards a goal.† (Honor, 2009). Motivation can determine the outcome of projects, goals, and can set limits on what an individual can obtain or what they believe they can obtain. Motivation often is theRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation951 Words   |  4 Pagesresearching on how motivation works in our brain, we cannot make a conclusion about the truth of the motivation in the past century. Luckily, Daniel Pink announces his latest results, â€Å"The Puzzle of Motivation†, on TED in 2009, which gives us a brand new idea about our motivation and how we could improve us by learning his method. In this essay, I will illustrates the main point of Daniel Pink, the ev idence given in his speech, also the benefits I get from his idea which increase my self-motivation and helpsRead MoreMotivation Theory : Motivation And Motivation846 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor Jones Psychology April 28 2016 Motivation Theories Having motivation to do something is very important. Motivation plays a huge roll in everyone’s life, even If someone has very little motivation. There are several types of motivation such as Instinct and drive motivation. These two motivations are quite similar, but different at the same time. I will compare and contrast both of these types of motivation and what I think about them. These motivations are very important to your life and canRead MoreMotivation, Motivation And Intrinsic Motivation1629 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction There are certain theories that works in the business organization at both practical and theoretical levels and one of such theories is motivation. The term motivation has been defined, discussed and has been dealt with a number of times as in accordance with the changing dynamics of the business organizations. Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci defines a person to be motivated if, a person is moved to do something. (2000). Thereby it simply means that the one who is not energized orRead MoreMotivation Theories Of Motivation And Motivation Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Overview of Presentation What is motivation? Cognitive theories of Motivation Forms of Motivation Motivation Theories Profile of Motivational Problems How to Motivate Students What is Motivation? Many different theorists have tried to define what is meant by motiviation. Urdan and Schoenfelder (2006) defined Motivation as follows: â€Å"Motivation is a complex part of human psychology and behavior that influences how individuals choose to invest their time, how much energy they exert in any givenRead MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in many different

Slavery by Another Name Free Essays

string(97) " hand could produce in an hour’s time thus came the end of human rollers in the late 1800’s\." Matt Henderson Dr. Hilbert The Cigarette Century March 23, 2009 The Cigarette Century Book Review The Cigarette Century, the undisputed rise and dramatic decline of cigarette consumption in the United States. There are powerful cultural values that account for the resilience of the cigarette and the all the drama that comes along with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery by Another Name or any similar topic only for you Order Now The once ever popular and more noticeable behavior smoking had as we have seen it progress and sometimes decline has eventually become a marginalized and often stigmatized practice. The modern cigarette, was born in the late 19th century in the U.S, but for the longest time remained the industry’s neglected and undersold user placing 2nd under chewing tobacco and pipe tobacco. The rise of the cigarette simply changed the American Culture, burning through the nations industry, government, and obviously the science and health organizations as well. Cigarettes has more than fifty illnesses and twenty causes of death associated with it. It’s absolutely insane to think at one point America saw smoking as glamorous or even a symbol of elegance, devastating millions of people with the effects of smoking and the cancers it holds as well.During World War I and World War II, cigarettes were rationed to soldiers. In some countries as well as the U. S, made cigarettes a state monopoly, which the Unites states determines certain cigarette taxes and where tobacco for the cigarette is considered an essential product which tends to get the least taxed. In this case, the government says that tobacco for the cigarette is a necessity because so many people buy them and essentially helps America grow stronger and in a lot of cases weaker along with the cigarette. Giant pieces of culture, science, politics, law and global spread of the cigarette doesn’t even pause to analyze the paradox of smoking that ultimately turns into your death. Smokers in America are ambushed with a wide variety of overwhelming tobacco advertising; cultural aesthetics, peer pressure, the ever addicting nicotine, and turning to the youth urging for rebellion against the normality’s of society. The boom in smoking after World War I was recognized as well seen as a relaxant in order to combat the scalding stress of trench warfare.The cigarette dawned with the age and support from substantial manufacturing advances in technology and marketing strategies, which was further moved along by dramatic shifts in American culture and social norms following the end of World War I. The cigarette and tobacco industry engulfed the entire nation in a single heartbeat. In the early 1900’s, cigs accounted an astonishing 5% of all domestic tobacco that is until the ne ar midcentury and the outbreak of the second World War nearly half of all adults smoked and even more for the enlisted men and women of the armed forces.All of a sudden cigarettes were everywhere with ashtrays littering every room: offices, clubs, and practically every American home as well. As Brandt describes that the tobacco companies were the rotten eggs from the start, they began to exploit and expand their product to the waiting hands of Americans. No health hazards of smoking were ever proven so it just seemed to add to the fact that smoking was ok and were readily available to all who wished to purchase them.However the cigarette and its mothering tobacco companies took a devastating blow after World War II when the connection was made between smoking and lung cancer. Being faced with crushing news the tobacco industry constructed a formidable defense not denying the health risks of smoking, but illustrated another side to the story stating pleasurable affects and other broad statements that people were skeptical about. Brandt also writes that his book, â€Å"The Cigarette Century† breaks out into a meticulous record of numerous courtroom clashes that basically defined the life of a cigarette and its place in American society.However these infamous trials have yet to cripple the industry as Brandt and many others had hoped to happen, but they have delivered mortal wounds more effectively in the beginning which brought upon years of documentation on the industries personal outlook on health concerns. Brandt Quotes â€Å"Create an even Bigger Monster (AIDS) that has made every transaction since then feel like a deal with the devil, on top of a dance of death. † He also concludes that cigarette tobacco is cancer causing and promoting, extremely poisonous, and unfortunately stimulating, pleasurable and lavorful. No other domestic or imported has even come close to being so heavily promoted or so deeply interlocked with the American consciousness. Also the invention of mass marketing ultimately lead to cigs being presented in advertising and film having deep ties and connections with fame and sex appeal. Even more surprising is that this product, cigarette tobacco has endured more scrutiny and criticism than any other product in the world. New medical research and pure knowledge of tobacco has also shaped the evolution and creation of modern medicine as well.In a last ditch effort Brandt tells the audience that these tobacco companies are trying to delay and disrupt these studies that could potentially destroy the cigarette industry. But even as American culture has begun to show dominance and declined consumption cigarettes look to e xpand into new global markets. Before the cigarette thee was tobacco. Having being domesticated by early Native Americans tobacco and its many products would remain a foundation in our nation’s economy. Tobacco played a central role in behaviors, rituals, and social activities of the modern American.James Duke almost single handedly invented the modern day cigarette. U. S manufactures deployed hundreds of cig rollers in an effort to increase the demand; however there were many attempts to replace these workers with machines; however the machines proved no match against the speed and precision of the human hand. Although the breakthrough came when James Bonsack introduced a rolling machine that could produce 200 cigs per minute basically as much as a human hand could produce in an hour’s time thus came the end of human rollers in the late 1800’s. You read "Slavery by Another Name" in category "Papers" It would be almost 2 decades later that the tobacco companies and congress would collide under the violation of the Sherman Act with basically sets limits on cartels and monopolies which fall under the antitrust laws. These laws created by congress established free trade amongst companies, banning anti-competitive practices that tend to lead to such a dominant position, and supervising the mergers and acquisitions of large corporations. In May 1911, The American Tobacco Company was found guilty of violating the Sherman antitrust act and was ordered to dissolve.More court cases would present themselves under violation of the Sherman antitrust act as key elements of cigarette consumption had been clearly established. Many of these attributes went hand in hand with the increasing aggressiveness of the promotion of youth. The cigarettes dangerously addictive ingredients assured that once people became a smoker, you’d most likely remain a smoker. Duke never realized that cigarette would dominate the tobacco industry for decades to come as others thought it was just another fad in tobacco’s long history. What he failed to realize was that this product, which he had done so much to invent would be a stepping stone of its modern development. Economic success and its material trappings of the cigarette invited moral failure. As the growing popularity of the cigarette threatened to shatter aspects of these threatened values, their guardians, the antitobacco movement would mount a defense against this upcoming threat. Brandt, states that it’s a fight to free our beloved nation from a form of mental slavery.In Los Angeles people that believed in the antitobacco movement were drawn into its cause and decided to seek treatment for their tobacco addictions thus changing American culture and promoting the idea of self-awareness of an individual’s health. Although in New York petitioned to repeal a law that had banned cigarettes on the rear bumpers of their cars in which tobacco companies supported. This very act of more public space marked a critical attribute to the rise of the cigarette. The use of cigarettes in the military became the frontlines of this epic battleground.The cigarette to un-enlisted men seemed to project an image of military decorum as they were soon quick to enlist, however the military recommended that enlistees under the age of 21 be prohibited from smoking which rapidly ran into harsh resistance. By the time the United States entered World War I opposition of any age in the military seemed to cease to exist as the high risk of death throughout the was seemed to have some gratification when it came to smoking cigarettes in the trenches. The moral threat of smoking seemed just fine and seemed positively safe in the short run compared to all the violence and war going around the men.General Pershing of the United States Army pleaded back to the home front that they needed tobacco as much as bullets in order to win the war clearly showing the government yielding to cigarettes and its tobacco. Soldiers and pro-smoker activists agreed that tobacco ma y not be a necessity in life but it sure helps ease the hardships of war as nothing else could do making it seem like the culture now resided around the cigarette. During the war the American public combined its resources and shifted its views towards smoking and actually started to construct funds or smoking comforts for the boys overseas. The Army being surprised by the public effort began to issue out tobacco rations. Both World Wars would now mark the critical point in establishing the cigarette as the most dominate product of the modern American consumer culture. Rather than disrupting the rise of the consumer culture, both wars actually seemed to be accelerating the process. More overwhelmingly due to promotional efforts being closely tied to patriotism and morale, was proving to be incredibly successful transforming the cigarette into an ultimate cultural icon.After the war, people were committed to the cigarette and the taste that came with it. The â€Å"Coming of the Camel† by R. J Reynolds was the first to jump on the bandwagon and go after the taste of the cigarette being that the taste depended as much on the American culture as it did on the blend of tobacco. It was here that Camel became the first truly national cigarette brand covering the nation with its new taste and style. The ongoing attacks led by non-smokers paradoxically made the cigarette even more powerful symbol of the modern culture and polished its appeal to all ages.More importantly the more violent and aggressive the attacks on cigarettes occurred the more popular it came. This cigarette century has finally arrived in America. Cigarettes and smoking quickly spread through the culture and into gender sexuality, new manufacturing agencies and in a new age of consumer consumption and its design. These companies soon realized that smoking had become the social norm and they soon grew eager to shape the new territory. Going after the women smokers companies advertised using women in frequent tobacco ads in an attempt to conjure both the female and the male. The goal of the ads were simply to transform the young school girls and boys of America and convert them into cigarette addicts regardless of the already established medical and health findings on smoking dangers. Political figures and policy makers seemed to approve the creation of the product because of its increasingly positive effect on the nation’s economy. The cigarette really suggested too many that its demand could be recognized and shaped by the techniques of advertising simply finding out Americas likes and dislikes and wants and what it doesn’t want from the cigarette.The cigarette in this case simply reflected on the importance of its design in order to organize the new consumer consciousness for both male and female along with constructing the meaning and purpose of their product. There was intense competition as aggressive tactics copy and packaging were crucial in the destruction of all the competing tobacco companies. Companies invested millions into adv ertising their product through TV or even through the daily newspaper in order to reach out to their consumers. As new advertising media became available the industries moved quickly to seize these promotional opportunities. During the 1930’s tobacco companies became the most famous and prolific advertisers on the commercial radio broadcasting to millions of Americans nationwide. By the 1930’s it became eminently clear that cigarettes would once again dominate over all the other forms of tobacco consumption. The cigarette had surprising reverberated throughout the entire economy pushing tobacco to be the 4th largest cash crop in the nation and in some states it was the 1st. It had deeply seeded itself in the American culture and by the middle of the century had become central command in the modern nation’s industrial economy.Even as the consumer culture flourished, criticism remained, not only to the cigarette but the cultural norms as well. It would only become later in the century that health risks of smoking would present themselves in very powerful ways. The cigarette, the ultimate icon of our consumer culture, serves as a vehicle for people to explore critical aspects of America n life. From agriculture to big business, from medicine to politics, The Cigarette Century shows how smoking came to be so deeply implicated in our culture, science, policy, and law.Now The World Health Organization now predicts 1 billion deaths over the next hundred years; ten times as many as died in the 20th century. Smokers have a harder time healing from surgeries, and have more overall health issues than do nonsmokers as many people die every year from illnesses caused by smoking. Smoking increases your chances of getting cancer. Cigarette smoking may play a role in developing many kinds of cancer. Lung cancer is the most common kind of cancer caused by smoking. As the risk of losing your unborn baby or having a stillborn baby is higher if you are pregnant and smoke. Babies born to smoking mothers often weigh less, and are at a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death due to smoking being that 90% of lung cancer cases are due to smoking. Cancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the most common being on or underneath the tongue, or on the lips. Cigarette smoking was such a normal thing and had been for such a long time it’s difficult to even have considered that it could be associated with any sort of disease.Children and teens are especially vulnerable to the hazards of smoking. Because their bodies are not fully mature, smoking interferes with normal lung development in those who begin smoking as children or adolescents. Young people who smoke may become even more strongly addicted to cigarettes and face a greater risk for developing lung cancer than those who start smoking later in life. Teens who smoke are also more likely to have depression or other psychological problems. They are also more likely to engage in other dangerous behaviors like alcohol and/or experimenting with new drugs.Many people in this book did all they could to stop smoking however they were too little to late as soon many of them died as they had fallen victim to the very product that had been the center of their lives. The root causes of cigarette smoking sent shockwaves to the tobacco companies into its core. Physicians advised individuals to cut down on smoking however they couldn’t guarantee anyone that any level of smoking would even be considered as safe. Cigarettes were tied as being the most feared disease of the century placing 2nd only to cancer.Research companies then banded together to focus on product design and make new modifications and small changes to enhance the mildness and try to vary the taste. Tobacco companies soon realized they had lost control of the cultural processes they had utilized in their creation of the modern cigarette. Basically the industries found themselves in uncharted waters and the boat in which they were in was beginning to take on water fast. Having dealing with all these issues corporations responded with unethical disruptions and intrusions into the medical and scientific processes and procedures that were combating the cigarette.The scientists retaliated back by stating, â€Å"If the tobacco people are smart, as we all know they are because they have been enormously successful, then they will support research to find out what the cancer-producing substance is, and then take measures in trying to remove it. † Hill ; Knowlton was one of the world’s five largest public relations firms. The tobacco companies however had taken some precautionary measures of their own being that some local newspapers supported them stating that tobacco comp anies were taking the right steps in finding out if there was any truth or not in the recent scares about cigarette smoking and lung cancer.Despite all the attention that smoking was getting and accused of factoring human lung cancer, no one has yet established that cigarette smoke, or any of its known ingredients, was cancer causing to humans as research has shown us. Tobacco companies would repeatedly insist that the evidence for the relationship between smoking and lung cancer was based on statistical data and it fundamentally misrepresented the emerging scientific data. As we can conclude that the tobacco industries had used Hill ; Knowlton to its fullest potential placing the harms and health risks of smoking back in the realm of doubt amongst Americans.The industry’s of course maintained its posture of scientific doubts that really created a shield that protected them against new regulatory initiatives. The identification of the cigarette as well as the causes of serious diseases has marked a critical turning point in history regarding public health. Just as the tobacco industry’s had before created technology for mass producing cigarettes they had know developed new techniques of mass producing controversy and doubt into the public. The public health service concluded that the evidence at hand places smoking as the primary fac tor in the increased incidences of lung cancer.Government agencies had now stepped in and begun to recognize and publicize the harms of cigarettes as well. With the huge amount of evidence from scientists and the government presented to the people it’s only logical for them at the time to draw their own conclusions regarding the concerning effects of cigarette smoking. Reports soon began to fall into the hands of the consumers as the industries sought an opportunity to change its course and begin to warn its consumers about the risks of using their product.Following the releases of these reports the government would assert new authority and take responsibility for the important health concerns during this time. It seemed like now the American public now looked to the government for scientifically public health policies concerning the cigarette. The cigarette seemed to now cower behind our constitution in order to shell itself from persecution now only from the government, but the American consumer. However it’s clear to the udience and the reader as well that Brandt wants us to realize that the cigarette smoker is aware o f the medical evidence that clearly indicates cigarettes as the cause of cancer and yet the consumer continues to smoke. Nevertheless, the consumer is aware that a moderate smoker substantially increases his chance of an early death. We can see that the tobacco industries have the power and use their power to shape opinions, behaviors, and actions, in ways that go completely against an individual’s interests in health.For years it was seen that these companies have been completely exempt from our standards of responsibility and accountability when their product causes harm. It should be the right of the individual and consumer to demand that when problems arise the companies be held responsible and accountable for their harmful creation. Time and again, somehow the tobacco industry proves them as remarkable and more evidently successful in finding new ways to evade public health regulations and promote their own death-taking product.It’s clear that they have all means to soil themselves deep into our country and more importantly our pockets. It’s important to realize that in the process of recognizing dangers of the cigarette come the strategies for controlling them. Brandt finally concludes that its clear now that with disappointments and failure in the courtrooms comes the responsibility and more importantly the power in a role society must play that could ultimately decide the future and possibly fate of the tobacco industry. How to cite Slavery by Another Name, Papers

Activity Potential Impact On Intervention †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Activity Potential Impact On Intervention? Answer: Introducation The selected segment is Sun seeker which is the segment four of a particular study conducted in order to strengthen the sun protection behaviours within UK. The Sun Smart programme was conducted by the Cancer Research, UK. As a part of the awareness programme due to the increasing rates of skin cancer due to the increasing levels of exposure to the sun, the survey was conducted by the business Research Unit of UK. The activity which is discussed related to the segment four of the research conducted is about sunbathing. It discusses about the people who engage in sunbathing activities. The people, who engage in the activity of sunbathing, reported the levels of getting burnt due to the direct exposure to the sun for more than two hours or more. The people who participated in these activities consisted of mostly those who were teen aged. The number of people who were middle aged and belonging to segment four were comparatively less. The activity of sunbathing was also closely connected to the activity of applying the sunscreen and feeling the need to apply sunscreen within a regular interval of two hours. Based on this activity and the results of the survey conducted among the people who participated in these activities, the possibilities of raising awareness were considered. The approach of behavioural segmentation comprises the basis of the adopted interventions to increase the awareness among the people. The activity of sunbathing directly impacts the campaign related to the prevention of skin cancer among the people (Dudley et al., 2015). The attitudinal, behavioural as well as the factors influencing the patterns of sunbathing behaviour shows how it impacts the sun burn causing probable skin cancer risks among the bathers. The intervention related to the awareness with the help of the Sun Smart programme is directly impacted by the management of the people participating in sun bathing, in short the activities of the sun seekers. In order to minimise the impact of the sun burns on the people as also to reduce the chances of skin cancer, several campaigns for cancer awareness need to be conducted. The exposure of the children to the sun needs to be mediated and controlled (Colditz, Wolin Gehlert, 2012). Recommendations include the screening for melanoma occurrence. This is relatively insufficient and is important for this cause. Early detection and treatment of skin cancer is also extremely important. Awareness programmes need to be conducted for the effective understanding of the concept of tanning and how it is related to the risks of skin cancer (Godic et al., 2014). Apart from this, people should be made aware of the UV risks related to the skin exposure to the sun (Hirst et al., 2012). Special importance should also be given to the climate changes and the way in which impacts the occurrence of skin cancer. In case all these factors are incorporated in the newer interventions adopted, the prevention of sk in cancer will be possible and the campaigns conducted will also be successful in their endeavours. References: Colditz, G. A., Wolin, K. Y., Gehlert, S. (2012). Applying what we know to accelerate cancer prevention. Science translational medicine, 4(127), 127rv4-127rv4. Dudley, D. A., Winslade, M. J., Wright, B. J., Cotton, W. G., McIver, J. L., Jackson, K. S. (2015). Rationale and study protocol to evaluate the SunSmart policy intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a primary school-based health promotion program. BMC public health, 15(1), 42. Godic, A., Poljak, B., Adamic, M., Dahmane, R. (2014). The role of antioxidants in skin cancer prevention and treatment. Oxidative nursing and cellular longevity, 2014. Hirst, N. G., Gordon, L. G., Scuffham, P. A., Green, A. C. (2012). Lifetime cost-effectiveness of skin cancer prevention through promotion of daily sunscreen use. Value in Health, 15(2), 26

They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay Example

They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers Essay In Shakespeares play of Romeo and Juliet, the couples lives end tragically. They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers. Their lives and deaths were told to be fate, but if certain characters made different decisions throughout this story Romeo and Juliet may have not died at all. If things were done differently this play may have not ended the way it did. Lord Capulet is one of the people who could be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet see each other and meet with each other for the first time at the ball held Lord and Lady Capulet. Romeo sees her for the first time and instantly falls in love, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. Juliets cousins, Tybalt becomes aware of Romeos presence at the ball and automatically assumes he is here to something bad. He gets his weapon and prepares to kill him Romeo but Lord Capulet also becomes aware of Romeos presence. Tybalt tells Lord Capulet that Romeo is a member of the Montague family, This, by his voice, should be a Montague, but Lord Capulet tells Tybalt to leave him alone because he doesnt want to disturb the ball and displease his guests. However Tybalt is still desperate to kill, Ill not endure him, so Lord Capulet clearly warns Tybalt not to lay a finger on Romeo, We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on They were described as a pair of star crossd lovers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He shall be endurd. What goodman boy! I say he shall. Go to! Am i the master here, or you? Go to! Youll not endure! Tybalt unwillingly listens to Lord Capulet and stay where he is. Romeo meets with Juliet and they both fall in love with each other. If Lord Capulet had not stopped Tybalt and let him throw Romeo out of the ball, Romeo may have not died at the end of the play along with Juliet. We can not blame Lord Capulet for just wanting there to be peace between the two families but unfortunately his timing wasnt perfect. But even if Romeo did get thrown out, he had already fallen in love with Juliet. He still might have tried to seek out Juliet and the tragedy may have still taken place. The next people who could be to blame are Lord and Lady Montague. Romeo didnt have a very close relationship with his parents; he would hardly talk to them and would try to avoid them. At the beginning of the play Romeo believes he is in love with Rosaline but she doesnt really want to know him. This causes Romeo heartache and his parents are aware that there is a problem with Romeo but they have no idea he is lovesick over Rosaline, And private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night. Lord and Lady Montague knew something was bothering him but they hardly showed any effort to talk to him and listen to his problems. If they had talked to him then maybe Romeo would not have felt down and would not have been talked into going to the ball by Mercutio and Benvolio. But because of the distance between himself and his parents he may not have opened up to his parents or listened to what they had to say. Mercutio may have also been blamed for the tragedy. The reason he could have been blamed is for convincing Romeo to go to the ball. Romeo at first did not want to go to the ball but the continuous teasing from Mercutio made Romeo reluctantly agree. If Romeo had not been persuaded into going with Mercutio to the ball he would not have seen Juliet that night and their deaths could have been avoided. Juliets Nurse could also be blamed for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. The Nurse had a very close relationship with Juliet, even closer than the relationship Juliet had with her mother so it was obvious Juliet would listen to the Nurse very closely. But the Nurse along with Lady Montague wanted Juliet to marry Paris so they pressured her into marrying him; they gave her so many reasons why she should marry him. But Juliet knew she didnt want to marry him and she was too young to marry him, It is an honour I dream not of. Apart from pressuring her with marriage, the Nurse also doesnt stop from marrying the wrong person. She clearly knew Romeo was a Montague from the first time she met him, His name is Romeo, and a Montague; The only son of your great enemy. And she obviously knew of the hatred between the two families and yet she went back and forth with Romeo and Juliets messages for one another and telling them where to meet for the wedding, Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrences cell, there stays a husband to make you a wife. If she would have told Juliet not to go through with the wedding Juliet may have listened to her because of the closeness and Juliet may have not died. Friar Lawrence is another person who could have be blamed for the tragedy. He has two reasons he could have been blamed. The first is because of going ahead and marrying Romeo and Juliet. He went ahead with it because he had an image in his mind of the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, Montague and Capulet, bringing the two families together, For this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure love. The second reason that he could be blamed was of the plan of the poison at the end of the play. It would make Juliet seem as though she was dead for forty-eight hours, And this distilled liquor drink thou off shall run a cold and drowsy humour. It obviously didnt work because it was a risky plan. In my opinion the person who was to blame is Friar Lawrence. I think he was to blame firstly because of the marriage between Romeo and Juliet. The reason why he married them was because he thought it would bring both families together. He obviously about this carefully enough. If anything this would bring more hatred between the families. Knowing how some members of the families usually jump to conclusions, the families would blame the other ones of causing this marriage, placing the blame on the other. Romeo and Juliet would be the target of the blame from their partners family. Romeos family would blame Juliet and Juliets family would blame Romeo. Secondly I think he should be blamed because of the poison plan. This again was not thought through properly. What if the plan did work? What if Juliet awoke and Romeo got the message and was there by her side? They would have to leave Verona due to Romeos banishment and when the Capulets found that the body of Juliet was gone they would accuse the Montague because of the hate for them. Friar Lawrence didnt think all of this through down to every possibility, so he in my opinion should be blamed for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.

Dave the Potter - Enslaved African-American Ceramic Artist

Dave the Potter - Enslaved African-American Ceramic Artist David Drake [1800-1874] was an influential African-American ceramic artist, born into slavery under the pottery-making families of Edgefield, South Carolina. Also known as Dave the Potter, Dave Pottery, Dave the Slave or Dave of the Hive, he is known to have had several different owners during his lifetime, including Harvey Drake, Reuben Drake, Jasper Gibbs, and Lewis Miles. All of these men were in some way related to the ceramic entrepreneurs and slave holders, brothers Reverend John Landrum and Dr. Abner Landrum. In 1815, the Landrums established the Edgefield pottery-making district in west-central South Carolina, and by the mid-19th century, the district had grown to include 12 very large, innovative and influential ceramic stoneware factories. There, the Landrums and their families blended English, European, African, Native American and Chinese ceramic styles, forms and techniques to make durable, non-toxic alternatives to lead-based stonewares. It was in this environment that Dave became an important potter, or turner, eventually working in several of these factories. What We Know About Dave Not much is known about Dave; much of what we do know, scholars derived from census records and news stories. Born in 1800, Dave probably began working in the potteries in his late teens, learning his trade from the European-American potters. The earliest pottery vessels which bear attributes of Daves later pots date to the 1820s and were made in the Pottersville workshop. He apparently worked for Abner Landrums newspaper The Edgefield Hive (sometimes listed as The Columbia Hive), where some scholars believe he learned to read and write. Others believe it is more likely he learned from his owner Reuben Drake. Daves literacy had to have occurred before 1837, when it became illegal in South Carolina to teach slaves to read and write. Dave was owned for a time by Lewis Miles, Abners son-in-law, and he produced at least 100 pots for Miles between July 1834 and January 1864. Dave may well have produced many more, but only about 100 signed pots have survived from that period. He lived through the Civil War, and after the Emancipation, continued to work for the pottery, as David Drake, his new surname taken from one of his past masters. While that doesnt seem like very much information, Dave was one of 76 known enslaved African or African Americans who worked in the Edgefield District. We know far more about Dave the Potter than we do for the others who worked in the ceramic workshops of the Landrums, because he signed and dated some of his ceramics, sometimes incising poetry, proverbs and dedications into the clay surfaces. Writing and Pottery Potters typically use makers marks to identify the potter, the pottery, the prospective owner, or manufacturing details: Dave added quatrains from the bible or his own eccentric poetry. One of the earliest of the poems attributed to Dave is from 1836, a large jar made for the Pottersville foundry, on which he wrote horses, mules and hogs / all our cows is in the bogs / there they shall ever stay / till the buzzards take them away. Burrison (2012) has interpreted this poem to refer to Daves owners selling of several of his co-workers to Louisiana. Chaney (2011) has connected decorative and symbolic markings on slave-produced forms of colonoware to some marks made by Dave. Whether Daves poetry was intended as subversive, humorous or insightful is open to question: probably all three. See Koverman 2005 for a compiled list of all Daves known poems. Style and Form Dave specialized in large storage jars with horizontal slab handles, used for large-scale plantation food preservation, and his pots are among the largest made during the period. In Edgefield, only Dave and Thomas Chandler made pots with such a large capacity. Some hold up to 40 gallons: and they were in high demand. Daves pots, like those of most of the Edgefield potters, were alkaline stonewares, but Daves had a rich streaky brown and green glaze, idiosyncratic to the potter. His inscriptions are the only ones known from American potters at the time, at Edgefield or away from it. Interpretations A considerable amount of scholarship on Daves inscriptions has been amassed over the past couple of decades. Chaney (2011) discusses the politically mute but commercially hypervisible status of Daves writings, and focuses his attention on the poetic inscriptions, the somewhat subversive elements in Daves writing. DeGrofts 1988 article describes the protest contexts of Daves inscriptions; and Burrison (2012) discusses the topics of Daves poetry, as part of a broader discussion of the Edgefield potteries. Perhaps the most focused research into Daves ceramics is by Koverman (2005, 2007, 2009), who, as part of her extensive work on Edgefield pottery works has cataloged and photographed well over 100 vessels marked by Dave or attributed to him. Kovermans nuanced discussion includes Daves artistic influences and training. Sources Burrison JA. 2012. South Carolinas Edgefield district: An early international crossroads of clay. American Studies Journal 56. Chaney MA. 2011. The Concatenate Poetics of Slavery and the Articulate Material of Dave the Potter. African American Review 44(4):607-618. De Groft A. 1998. Eloquent Vessels/Poetics of Power: The Heroic Stoneware of Dave the Potter. Winterthur Portfolio 33(4):249-260. Koverman JB. 2005. The Ceramic Works of David Drake, aka, Dave the Potter or Dave the Slave of Edgefield, South Carolina. American Ceramic Circle Journal 13:83. Koverman JB. 2007. Communities of Heritage: Southern contributions. In: Potter C, editor. Craft in America: Celebrating Two Centuries of Artists and Objects: Random House. p 120-140. Koverman JB. 2009. Clay Connections: A Thousand-Mile Journey from South Carolina to Texas. American Material Culture and the Texas Experience: The David B Warren Symposium. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts. p 118-145.

To what extent have external forces like the Leapfrog Group influenced Assignment

To what extent have external forces like the Leapfrog Group influenced change in the healthcare environment - Assignment Example This essay discusses that the healthcare sector has over the time undergone immense changes, characterized by improved healthcare systems that aid access and service delivery. These changes have been triggered by various sources, including but not limited to individuals, groups of people, government healthcare evaluators and the society at large. On a more specific ground, external forces have had their contribution to the changes observed in the healthcare environment. One of the identifiable external forces that have influenced change in the healthcare environment is the Leapfrog Group and related external factors. Changes in the healthcare sector have been tailored towards making healthcare accessible and affordable. On the same note, aspects of effective and efficient service delivery systems have been advocated for, formulated and implemented. This has led to the realization of healthcare services that by greater margin meet their primary purposes, among them promoting and uphol ding good health to the larger society. These external factors have been the driving force of change in the healthcare sector of the country. While the government has crucial concerns about healthcare issues, triggering change from within the system has been observed to be slow and inefficient over time. With the presence of Leapfrog Group among other external forces in the healthcare environment, quick, efficient and effective changes in healthcare have been realized. Specifically, evidence-based initiatives have been successfully introduced. On the same note, modern technology-based physician order entries, hospital referrals and ICU staffing has been enhanced and improved through external forces advocacy (Stead &Herbert, 2009). Your sister is entering into the hospital for elective surgery. She asks you how to determine she is safe while in the hospital. What do you tell her and why. Patient’s safety in any hospital is setting is fundamentally defined by patient rights. A patient that knows his or her rights is bound to feel safer in the hands of the caregiver. The most basic point to consider is consent to treatment, and surgery on a more specific ground as it relates to this question. Feeling safe while in the hospital first begins with the patient and then the caregiver’s context comes in. This is because, in order to begin any healthcare procedure, the patient must be willing to undertake the required actions that pertain to the procedure of treatment. This is the first step to determine that the patient is safe while in the hospital. Effectiveness and quality of care is another factor combination that determines how safe a patient is. The two are determined by a number of factors that the patient herself should actively consider in order to create a safe hospital environment for her and the caregiver during treatment, and this in case elective surgery. Speaking up when an unusual scenario arises is crucial to the patient’s safety i n the hospital. The patient should observe the practices of the caregiver so that practices or actions are tailored towards promoting the patient’s welfare. Attention should be paid in the setting up of the elective surgery procedure, so that all required materials and surgical tools are well in place before hand. The caregivers responsible for the elective surgery procedure should give the patient sufficient information about the procedure so that the patient is well informed of what is expected of her. Other safety related issues to check for are the medication procedure, standard of the healthcare facility in the light of Joint Commission’s Standard and patient participation allowed by the caregivers. This information is relevant to the patient since every patient is entitled to quality and safe healthcare. What are some of the downfalls of obtaining

Realistic painting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Realistic painting - Research Paper Example The paper "Realistic painting" explores the painting of Realism. The history of realistic paintings is dated back to early 19s, associated with great artists such as George Bellows. George Bellows is regarded as one among the great American artists. His work ranges between 1882 and 1925, with one of his famous arts been the Crowd in black and white lithograph of 1923. Among George Bellow’s reputation is his early work about powerful boxing matches and the realistic tenement life in New York City. George also painted the city landscape and seascape, battle scenes, and portraits, with illustrations and prints. George’s work was out of influence and real life experience in the United States at that time. Most of his arts portray the dynamic and challenging nature of life in America at early twentieth century and over its first decade. In this print, George Bellows expressed the vitality of urban life through a dynamic contrast of light and dark. The intense illumination fr om a street lightly reveals an anxious and pressing crowd tightly packed into a confining space. This painting is dark in tone; many different people fill with the whole image, capturing fleeting moments. Before American Independence, most of the American artists grew and learnt in European. Over the 19 century, a large number of American artists went to Germany, France, Britain and other countries to study .This is the most probable link of confusion between the American artist's works and European artist’s work.

Extranet Infrastructure For Hospital Chains Information Technology Essay

Extranet Infrastructure For Hospital Chains Information Technology Essay Networking and Internet has revolutionized the means of communication and has made this world a small family. Many businesses have developed on the basis of Internet and have attained huge success by adopting to advanced technology in sensible manner. This assignment deals with network infrastructure implementation in a chain of hospitals. This assignment is divided into different sections starting from implementation of type of network with OSI TCP/IP implementation at different layers of infrastructure. Then it also includes the type of hardware / software required for implementation and also the most important part i.e. implementation of security policy. 1.0 Type of Network Type of network required to be chosen is a tedious task. Different types of network designs, are categorized based on their scope or scale. Network industry referes to each type of design as some kind of area network. Choosing an area network requires in-depth requirement analysis and cost analysis. There are different types of network available such as: LAN : Local Area Network MAN: Metropolitan Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network SAN: Storage Area Network WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network. CAN: Campus Area Network PAN: Personal Area Network DAN: Desk Area Network These all types of network are chosen in different types of situations. Considering the scenario of the chain of hospitals having 25 computers different types of options are available: If the hospitals are situated in a city then MAN can be implemented that can be used to connect different hospitals and LAN for connection inside each hospital. If the hospitals are dispersed in different cities or countries then WAN is required to connect two different hospitals and again LAN can be used for connection inside each hospital. SAN can be used to transfer large amounts of data between computer and storage elements. Justification: Since PAN and DAN are networks of short distances, it is not used to implement in this kind of scenario. CAN spans all LANs and since this is a matter of only 25 computers it is not a wise decision to implement CAN and neither cost effective. WLAN can be implemented but as communication become wireless there also comes into account security concerns which becomes costly. Since the hospital deals with lot of patients and huge amounts of data it is necessary to implement SAN since it will make data transfer more secure and robust. Topology for LAN connection: Now since the connection between hospitals is decided, next point of concern is the connection inside each hospital. The computers in a LAN can be connected in several ways. These different ways of connection is referred to as topology. There are several topologies such as: Bus Star Tree Ring Mesh Source: (GeoSig, 2009) Each and every topology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes there is also mixed topology called HYBRID topology that is used, which is the implementation of two or more topologies. Here in this scenario, the best configuration to use is mesh topology or ring topology. Justification: Mesh topology ensures robust and secure data communication since each all computers are attached by dedicated links. Also its secure since the message sent to the intended recipient only sees it. Hence mesh topology is ideal for secure and effective communication. The only disadvantage being amount of cabling causing an increase in number of I/O ports. In order to be cost effective ring topology is also advisable. Since in case of ring topology there is point to point line configuration only and hence amount of cabling is reduced. Also it is very easy to reinstall and reconfigure. Fault isolation is also achieved because in a ring there is a signal that is circulating every time. Hence if a device does not receive signal for a certain amount of time it can issue an alarm which can alert the networker to the problem and location. The only disadvantage is that break in the ring such as a disabled station causes the entire network to become disable. Although this disadvantage can be overcome by using dual ring or switch that is capable of closing this break. Other types of topologies are not taken into account for following reasons: In case of bus topology the cable length is limited to few number of computers and also modification in number of computers, fault isolation and reconfiguration is tedious task. In case of Star topology the failure of central hub caused the whole network to fail which is a very serious disadvantage. Tree topology is very much like the Star topology. It has two types of hubs instead of one as in star. But failure of any one type of hub results in failure of that whole network. Therefore the recommended network type for implementation is to adopt WAN or MAN for wider communication and LAN and Mesh/Ring topology for local communication. A basic LAN consists of the following components. Two or more computers. Network Interface card or LAN Card in each PC. Ethernet cable (Cat5, UTP/SPT) cable to connect the two computers. A hub, switch or router to route or direct the network traffic. Software for the communication/computer networking. The alternate technologies to Ethernet are Token Ring, which is used in the Ring Topologies networks. Token Ring is designed by the IBM and ATM. In ATM networking, devices are connected with each other over a very large distance (thus forms the WAN), and behaves like LANs. 2.0 OSI and TCP/IP Layer Implementation OSI an abbreviation for Open System Interconnection model was developed by ISO for facilitating communication across all types of computer systems. The purpose of OSI model is to facilitate communication regardless of their underlying architecture i.e. without requirement of changing the logic of underlying hardware and software. It is built of seven layers as follows: Physical : Layer 1 Data Link : Layer 2 Network : Layer 3 Transport : Layer 4 Session : Layer 5 Presentation : Layer 6 Application : Layer 7 TCP/IP is an abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internetworking Protocol. The TCP/IP protocol suite was developed before the development of OSI model. Therefore the layers are not an exact match with the OSI model. The suite is made up of 5 layers: Physical : Layer 1 Data Link : Layer 2 Network : Layer 3 Transport : Layer 4 Application : Layer 5 OSI layer: Recommended hardware and software Hardware: Physical Layer: It defines all the components such as electrical, mechanical and all types of hardware for sending and receiving data, all physical aspects.such as fibre optic cables (since SAN is used), cards etc. The bit stream is conveyed at electrical and mechanical level. The characteristics defined by the physical layer are: Voltage levels Timing of impulses Physical data rates Max transmission distance Physical connectors. The implementation of physical layer can be classified as either LAN or WAN specifications. Data Link Layer The data link layer is responsible to define the format of the data and ensure its reliable transfer. It facilitates frame synchronization, protocol management, flow control and also handles all errors in physical layer. There are 2 sublayers: MAC: Media Access Control LLC: Logical Link Control MAC is responsible for two devices to uniquely identify each other while LLC is responsible for managing communication over a single link of network. The hardware that operate at this layer are Hubs and Switches. Network Layer: Network layer provides facility of switching, congestion control, routing and error handling. The protocol operating at this layer is called IP i.e. Internetworking Protocol and it defines the the way of determining route selection systematically. In order to facilitate thi, Routers operate at this layer that determines the way of forwarding packets. Transport Layer At the transport layer data is segmented into packets for transferring across the network. The function of this layer is to provide flow control, error checking and recovery and multiplexing.This layer makes use of protocols such as TCP i.e Transport Control Protocol and UDP i.e. User Datagram Protocol. Session Layer Session layer is responsible for dealing with session and connectin co-ordination. Its function is to establish, manage and terminate communication session. The protocols functioning in this layer are Remote Procedure Call (RPC), Zone Information Protocol (ZIP), Appletalk, Session Control Protocol (SCP). Presentation This layer is responsible for coding and conversion of data from application to network format. It makes sure that the data of application layer is readable by the application layer of other system. It contains software used for encryption of data and thereby providing compatibility between systems. Application Layer This layer is completely responsible for the software applications. The main function is to identify the communication partners and determine the availability of resources and also synchronizing communication. It provides end user services such as e-mails, file transfer, virtual terminal access and network management.The softwares required to be implemented is discussed after the TCP/IP network model. Some of the examples implemented in application layer are File Transfer Protocol(FTP), Telnet and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). TCP/IP Network Model The physical and data link layer performs similar to OSI model. Physical and Data link It defines all drivers and NIC (Network Interface Card) Network Layer It handles basic communication and protocols operating at this layer are IP, ARP, IGMP and ICMP. Transport Layer Handles the flow of data and segments data into packets over network. TCP and UDP operate in this layer. Application Layer: It handles data of end user applications. Frequently used TCP/IP applications includes Telnet, SMTP, SNMP, DNS, NTP, Traceroute, RIP and NFS. Recommended Softwares: The softwares required for communication over intranet are: Windows 7 OS UnixWare Remote Desktop connnection Lan Messenger Justification: The OS recommended is Windows 7 since it is the latest and fastest OS as compared to previous versions of Microsoft. Remote Desktop connection is required to be establised in order to connect the computer over LAN or WAN. UnixWare provides facility of data communication over WAN. It establishes point to point links thereby facilitating fast transfer. SAN network also requires fast and efficient data communication that also can be achieved by usage of this software. Lan Messenger or a system that is uniformly implemented on all computers should be purchased. 3.0 IT Policy Main purpose of the IT policy stated is to define a framework on how to protect the Hospitals computer systems, network and all data contained within, or accessible on or via these systems from all threats whether internal, external, deliberate or accidental. It is the policy of institution is to ensure that: All central computer systems and information contained within them will be protected against any unauthorised access or use. Information kept in these systems is managed securely, should comply with  relevant data protection laws in a professional and proper way. All members of the hospital are aware that it is the part of their duty to abide by this policy. All employees (computer users ) accept total responsibility adhering to and implementing this policy within their service areas. The integrity and confidentiality of all central computer systems; accessible on or via these systems is the responsibility of Computing Services. All regulatory and legislative requirements regarding computer security and information confidentiality and integrity will be met by Computing Services and the hospital regulatory bodies. All breaches of security will be reported to and investigated by a nominated security coordinator usually within Computing Services and hospital regulatory bodies. The primary role of the Hospital function regarding medication and research is not hindered. 2. Statement of Authority, Scope and Responsibilities In addition all users have a responsibility to report promptly (to Computing Services or Hospitals regulatory bodies) any incidents which may have a security significance to the Hospital. 3. The Computing Environment Computing Services(under the guidance of hospital regulatory bodies) plan, maintain and operate a range of central computing servers, core network switches, edge network switches, backup systems, and the overall network infrastructure interconnecting these systems. The computing environment is defined as all central computing resources and network infrastructure managed and overseen by Computing Services and all computing devices that can physically connect, and have been authorised to connect, to this environment. All are covered by this policy, including computing hardware and software, any Hospital related data residing on these machines or accessible from these machines within the campus network environment and any media such as CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and backup tapes that may at times be accessible.. Computing Services also considers all temporary and permanent connections via the Hospital network, casual laptop docking points, the Wireless network, the Virtual Private Network and the RAS modem pools to be subject to the provisions of this policy. Computing resources not owned by the Hospital may be connected to the Hospitals network. However, all such resources must function in accordance with Hospitals regulations governing the use of computing resources. Computing Services reserves the right to monitor, log, collect and analyze the content of all transmissions on networks maintained by both Computing Services and individual departments and organisations at any time deemed necessary for performance and fault diagnostic purposes. Any network monitoring will be performed in accordance with the Computer Systems Scanning and Monitoring Policy. It is the right of computing service to check or monitor any employees login without prior content. 4. Physical Security Computing Services provides a secure machine room with protected power arrangements and climate controlled environment. Primarily for the provision of central computing and network facilities individual departments and, if appropriate, individuals are encouraged to make use of the facility for applicable teaching or research projects. Any computer equipment in general office environment should be within physically secure rooms outside of general office hours. Desktop machines in public areas should contain a device or mechanism for securing and protecting the main components and contents of the computer from theft. The above is in accordance with The Hospitals insurance policy . 5. Access to Systems Computer and network systems access is only via individual user accounts. Please refer to the user accounts policy for further details and account eligibility. 5.1 Email Accounts provide access to email facilities. Use of email is governed by Computing Services email policy. 5.2 File Storage All users have access to the centrally managed file storage. Use of the file storage is governed by Computing User file storage policy, It should be appreciated for most applications the security of files on the server is considered to be adequate. However files held on a Network File Server (NFS) should never be considered completely secure. For this reason Computing Services do not recommend that you hold sensitive information such as exam papers or results on the central server (or on any NFS file server for that matter). 5.3 The Web All users have the right to publish their own web pages under the appropriate subdomain of bath.ac.uk. Individual users will be responsible for content in these areas and the Hospital reserves the right to remove access to any material which it deems inappropriate, illegal or offensive. Users should not in any way use their personal web space for commercial purposes. Users shall not in any way use personal web space to publish material which deliberately undermines IT security at the Hospital or elsewhere. Users shall not publish any information regarding open accounts, passwords, PINs, illegally obtained software licenses, hacking tools, common security exploits or similar unless there are specific and legitimate reasons to do so. E.G in order to demonstrate a problem to enable a fix, or similar. 5.4 Internet Access The campus network is connected to the Internet via SWERN and JANET. Computing Services operate and maintain a firewall with the aim of protecting the campus network and Computer systems from unauthorised or illegal access or attack from the external environment. 5.5 Campus Network Individuals must seek permission from local support representatives before connecting any machine to the LAN. Particular attention must be paid to the Host connection and IP Address Allocation policy before any connection is made. Computing Services may disconnect any unauthorised host from the network without warning if discovered. 6. Remote Access to Systems Remote access is defined as accessing systems from a physically separate network. This may include: Connections direct across the Internet VPN Connections Direct dial connections to the RAS (Remote Access Service) Any user with a valid Hospital computer account may access systems as appropriate. Remote access is allowed via secure methods only. Remote connections to any campus IT services are subject to the same rules and regulations, policies and practices just as if they were physically on the campus. Computing Services shall provide the only VPN and dial-in service that can be used. All connections via these services will be logged. No other remote access service shall be installed or set up, including single modems connected to servers or workstations. Any active dial-in services found to be in existence will be removed from the network. 7. Data Security The Hospital holds a variety of sensitive data including personal information  about students and staff. If you have been given access to this information, you  are reminded of your responsibilities under data protection law. You should only take a copy of data outside the Universitys systems if absolutely necessary, and you should exhaust all other options before doing so. This includes putting sensitive data onto laptops, memory sticks, cds/dvds or  into emails. If you do need to  take data outside the University, this should only be with the authorisation of the Universitys data protection officer. As part of this you should perform a risk assessment on the implications of it falling into the wrong hands, and take appropriate steps to mitigate against this. This will almost certainly include encrypting the information, and checking the data protection statements of any recipients of the data. There are a variety of methods of remote access to systems available (in particular using VPN and remote desktop or terminal services) which  allow you to work on data in-situ rather than taking it outside the University, and these should always be used in preference to taking data off-site. Computing Services  offers a variety of  information and support to help you keep data secure.  If  you are uncertain about any aspect of data security, you must contact us for advice. 8. Anti-Virus Security Computing Services will provide means by which all users can download and install current versions of site-licensed virus protection software. Users must ensure that they are running with adequate and up-to-date anti-virus software at all times. If any user suspects viral infection on their machine, a complete virus scan should be performed. If Computing Services detect a machine behaving abnormally due to a possible viral infection it will disconnected from the network until deemed safe. Reconnection will usually be after liaison with the